The base stock is the foundation of any engine oil. Mineral oils are refined from crude oil, while synthetic oils are chemically engineered in a lab.
Mineral Oil
Mineral oils are natural, refined, and generally cheaper. They are perfectly adequate for standard vehicles under normal driving conditions. However, their molecules vary in size, which can lead to faster breakdown under extreme heat.
Synthetic Oil
Synthetic oils have uniform molecules designed for specific properties. They offer superior protection at extreme temperatures (both hot and cold), resist breakdown longer, and keep engines cleaner. While more expensive upfront, they often save money in the long run through better efficiency and longer intervals.